Assig-btoj



E. F. OLIVER LIGHTING FIXTURE AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SAME Apr. 10, 1923.

Filed Feb. 27, 1920 Qitbzwi lt atented l0,

EEEN F. OLIVER, OF JERSEY CITY, NEVF S'E' ASSIGNMENTS, TO KOEBECTOLIZE C6131? .ii

PORATION OF NEW YORK.

" F K) E JY, DIRECT AND IVIESNE '15, ENG, NEW) YORK, N. EL, A COR- LIGHTING FIXTURE AND PRGCESS FUR PRODUCING SAME.

Application filed February 27, 1920.

To all whom it may concern:

lie it known that 1, Earn F. Onmne, a citizen the United States, and a resident of Jersey City, county of Hudson, and State of New Jersey, have invented new and useful Lighting Fixtures and Processes for Produo lug Same, of which the following is a specilicati'on.

The present invention relates generally to lighting fixtures and more particularly to means whereby so-called daylight efiects may be produced by use of light from iii-- candescent lamps.

The field "for the use of artificial daylight is an important one and comprises the illumination of show-windows, automobile head lights and color-matching devices and of such places in which accurate machine work, printing, engraving, etc, is done and Where actual daylight eli ect without glare desirable.

To produce daylight effects by the use of light from an incandescent lamp, it is nec emery to eliminate some rays otobjection" able color and this may be accomplished by causing the light rays to pass through a complementary color screen. lit has been attempted to accomplish this by making the bulb of an incandescent lamp of glass colored betore the bulb is blown by introducing into the batch coloring matter of a suitable color, say blue. Since,-*however, it is impossible to obtain coloring material or absolutely uniform value and since the coloring matter has to be introduced in the dry batch and cannot be changed after melting begins, it has been found impossible to control the color of the glass scientifically or accurately. Also when blowing the bulb the operator cannot take an exact amount or glass on the pipe, and the result is that the bulb so blown is thicker or thinner in different parts, and this tends to seriously alter its color value.

It has also been found that the color value of the light-corrective medium. is disasirously affected when brought, us it is when the bulb is used as such medium, into direct contact with the particles thrown off by the filament when in a state of incandescence. These particles adhere to the walls of the bulb and cause discoloration of the glass which not only reduces the candle power oi":

the lamp but changes the color 05 t 1e trans mitted light thereby destroying its useful- Serial no. 361,882.

ness a light-corrective medium. lln nitrogen or other gas-tilled lamps, the particles thrown oil by the filament, being lighter in weight than the gas, should, theoretically, rise to the heel: of the lamp and there be deposited provided the lamp is in a vertical "ition with the neck uppermost. The presday use of these lamps is, however, for such "varied purposes, some of which require h dec ee or concentration of light at a ooint and others dilusion of the light, 1 at it is impossible to always dispose the la so that it will be in a vertical position and, when the lamp is not in that position, obviousl the particles will nevertheless rise and be deposit d on that part of the lamp which is uppermost. The deterioration (re ed by this so-called bombarding of the filament previously described sets in as the lamp is lighted and progresses A further disadvantage in the use blue bulbs is that when the lamp is 'l in connection with a -reflector, the value transmitted to the reflector is i and the loss in efficiency correingly great.

s been also attempted to place a plate s painted blue or blue and green in uth oi reflector to thereby obtain aaylight effect. It has been found that this is also adversely affected by conditions of temperature and by the element of time and that it is dillicult to obtain a uniform depth of color.

It will be seen "from the above that in the t heretotore practiced there have been d'i'l culties attending the manufacture and e of devices for producing daylight effects and that it has not been possible to obtain .ai'ne ellects at different times. he main object of this invention therefore is "to produce means whereby the light or an incandescent lamp, whether of the vacuum psfilled type, may be corrected or men ed with such degree of uniformity as is necessary to obtain approximate daylight values d insuch manner as to protect the light-corrective medium from the bombarding of the filament.

l have ascertained by experiments that the color value of the light-corrective medium may be so controlled as to admit of the production, will, of the same daylight efi'ects and accomplish this by making the light corrective medium of glass, such as that used for window panes, the surface of which is subjected to a sand blast of quartz-sand (that is irregular shaped particles or sand) so as to produce irregular interstices therein then in filling said interstices with a coloring agent. The surface thus produced is then covered with an agent that seals the coloring matter in the interstices and tends to restore the translucency oi the glass. Greater eliiciency may be obtained in this manner for the lamp when used in connection with a reflector since the full value of the light from the bulb will be received by the i lector and thereafter transmitted through the light corrective medium.

Tl e requisite intensity of color of the light-corrective medium will be determined by the characteristics of the light given by the lamp in connection with which the ligh corrective medium is to be used. Should it be desired to color only one side of the glass, the other side may be coated with an acidresistii .5 material in manner well known.

In the accompanying drawings: Fig. l is a sectional view of a lighting fixture showing one form of invention:

indicated.

Fig. a View similar to 3 with the coloring matter added.

5 is a view similar to scaling varnish applied.

1 indicates an incandescent lamp, such as a tungsten filament lamp, of the vacuum. type, known commercially as a Mazda C lamp, having a translucent bulb as shown; or it may be an incandescent lamp of the character generally designated as nitrogen or other gas-tilled lamp. 2 is a correctivelight medium surrounding the bulb and con sisting of a piece of translucent glass suitably shaped and colored. 2 the hrb l is shown as being contained within a re- Hector 3 having an open mouth in which is placed the light corrective medium 2.

The r flector be of a trougi-lilte character or of any other suitable ty e, sucln l'or in .nce s is commercially known as an X-ray reflector; and the light corrective medium may be held in place in the mouth with the o? si ch reflector by cl us 5 or otherwise.

T If 3 i 1 r T e (J v 4-1 it 1.. in a S. 7 .i. liiCL J 4. nu o )JL1\) \\11 1.16 S e rs d 1n )reparing the light corrective mo- 1 mum. The action of shar irregular quartz-sand ags'nst the sur: cc of the gl? shown in k, 8 where irregular interstices (2 are indicated. Care should be taken in sandblasting; the surface that no streaked or even effect is produced. A. colo ing agent 7 is then introduced into the irre lar interstices as shown in Fig. 41-, and pounced or rubbed in well. Finally, a translucent varnish 8 is applied which seals the coloring agent in place and by producing a substantially tlush s irlace tends to restore the translueency of the glass. This varnish is then balrex'l. to harden it. it will he understood that by method the color value may be accurately controlled, since the amount of color may be increased or decreased to suit varying conditions.

claim:

ll e process of producing a light-corve medium which consists in producing lar interstices throughout the surface a sheet of translucent glass, and then in filling; said interstices with a coloring ag nt to imitt'ormly color the medium.

2. The process of producing light-corrective medium which consists in producing .terstices throughout the surface translucent glass, then in tillintersti-es with a coloring agent .niformly color the medium, and then in g tie surface so produced with an that seals the coloring; matter in the interstices and tends to restore the translueenev ot the o'las" 3 The oroce s o d i l' l l s i piouucin a l i- Cur .e medium which consists in producing .lar interstices throughout the surface .heet translu it then in fillinc; said interstices with a coloring agent to rmt'ormly color the medium, then in applytranslucent varnish to the colored "-ce and then in applying heatto the glass to harden the varnish.

&. A. lig iting fi ture comprising: an incandescent lamp h a translucent bulb.

and light corrective medium extraneous ol said bulb and associa ed therewith consi ing of a glz. nember l 1-; irregular ell te ices .qhout to sur sa d interstices being niled w th a COlOrlllg' agent oi uch va ue as to uniiormly color the medium he light of the incandesnate daylight value. fixture comp. inpg: an open incandescent lamp he within sai l having irre M ar interstices hsur ice said interstices being filled *ent of such value as to the .m to tl ereby cor- I of the incandescent lamp to daylight value.

lew York city, in the county of State of New York. this 26th EBEN F. OLIVER. 

